Climate, COVID-19, and corporate tax tops G20 agenda in Rome

The leaders of the world’s economic powerhouses gathered Saturday for the first in-person summit since the coronavirus pandemic, with climate change, COVID-19 economic recovery, and the global minimum corporate tax rate on the agenda.

Italian Premier Mario Draghi welcomed the Group of 20 heads of state to Rome’s Nuvola cloud-like convention center in the Fascist-era EUR neighborhood, which was sealed off from the rest of the capital. Saturday’s opening session was focused on global health and the economy, with a meeting on the sidelines for key leaders to discuss next steps on Iran’s nuclear program.

Italy is hoping the G-20 will secure key commitments from countries representing 80 percent of the global economy — and responsible for around the same amount of global carbon emissions — ahead of the UN climate conference that begins Sunday in Glasgow, Scotland.

Most of the heads of state and government who are in Rome will head to Glasgow as soon as the G-20 is over. Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese leader Xi Jinping are participating remotely.

On the eve of the meeting, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned that the Glasgow meeting risked failure over the still-tepid commitments from big polluters and challenged the G-20 leaders to overcome “dangerous levels of mistrust” among themselves and with developing nations.

“Let’s be clear — there is a serious risk that Glasgow will not deliver,″ Guterres told reporters in Rome. He said current, formal commitments by governments “still condemn the world to a calamitous 2.7-degree increase” in global temperatures.

A recent UN environment report concluded that announcements by dozens of countries to aim for “net-zero” emissions by 2050 could if fully implemented, limit a global temperature rise to 2.2 degrees Celsius (4 F).

That’s closer but still above the less stringent target agreed upon in the Paris climate accord of capping global warming at 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 F) compared with pre-industrial times.

The UN chief also blamed geopolitical divides for hampering a global vaccination plan to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, saying the action “has taken a back seat to vaccine hoarding and vaccine nationalism.’’

He blasted how in the richest countries, people are getting a third dose of the vaccine while only 5 percent of Africans have been fully vaccinated.

Aiming to address the inequalities, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced as he arrived in Rome that the UK would donate 20 million doses of the AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine to developing countries. Some 10 million doses have been sent to the United Nations-backed COVAX vaccine-sharing program, and 10 million more will follow in the coming weeks, the UK said.

The G-20, though, will likely be a celebration of one agreement, on a global minimum corporate tax. The G-20 leaders are expected to formally affirm their commitment to establishing a 15 percent global minimum corporate tax rate by 2023, a measure aimed at preventing multinational companies from stashing profits in countries where they pay few or no taxes.

The move has been praised by White House officials as a “game-changer” that would create at least $60 billion in new revenue a year in the US — a stream of cash that could help partially pay for a nearly $3 trillion social services and infrastructure package that President Joe Biden is seeking.

US adoption is key because so many multinational companies are headquartered there.

But Biden is struggling to come to an agreement with members of his own party on what will be included in the massive spending plan, not to mention how it will be paid for. The president’s struggles to come to terms on US legislation were not expected to be a central part of Biden’s conversations with fellow leaders, White House officials said.

Biden is also expected to raise concerns about an imbalance in supply and demand in the global energy markets, according to a senior administration official who briefed reporters Friday on the condition of anonymity. The official said that Biden would underscore the importance of finding greater stability in both the oil and gas markets, for the sake of a global economy that’s been badly bruised by the coronavirus pandemic.

The summit could be an opportunity for dialogue because it includes delegations from major energy producers Saudi Arabia and Russia, major consumers in Europe and China, and the US, which is both. But analysts doubted the meeting would produce any immediate impact.

So far, OPEC and allies, dubbed OPEC+, have ignored Biden’s pleas to increase production faster than its current pace of 400,000 barrels per day each month into next year.